Neptunium Cobalt Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Np
Co
Group Number
Not Available
9
9
Period Number
7
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439998
99+
7440484
38
Space Group Name
Pnma
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
62.00
11
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1940
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
640.00 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C
13
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Np
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.70
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
93
25
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
93
25
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
144
14
26
99+
Number of Electrons
93
25
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm
30
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu
22
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)
9
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm
3
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3
14
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)
17
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
20.25
6
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K
8
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K
99+
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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