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Neptunium vs Cobalt

Neptunium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Co  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Pnma  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
93  
25
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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