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Cobalt vs Neptunium

Cobalt
Neptunium
Neptunium vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Np  
Group Number
9  
9
Not Available  
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7439998  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Pnma  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
62.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Not Available  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Discovery
In 1732  
In 1940  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
640.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
34
3,902.00 °C  
13
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
26
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
11
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
14
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
11
Not Available  
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co  
Np  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
12
1.36  
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
5
1.22  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
10
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
39
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
5
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22  
99+
93  
25
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
93  
25
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
144  
14
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
93  
25
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
34
155.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
30
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
221.00 pm  
22
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
237.00 amu  
22
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Uranium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Plutonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
96.00 (-eV)  
9
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
666.30 pm  
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
19.38 g/cm3  
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
9
125.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.11 (Pa)  
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
18
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
20.25  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
29.46 J/mol·K  
8
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Not Available  
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