Nickel Manganese Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Mn
Group Number
10
8
7
11
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1751
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
196.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.60
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
28
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
0.00 (Pa)
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
Not Available
Susceptibility
600.00
2
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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