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Manganese vs Cobalt

Manganese
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Co  
Group Number
7  
11
9  
9
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1774  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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