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Manganese vs Cobalt

Manganese
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Co   
Group Number
7   
11
9   
9
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.70   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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