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Cobalt vs Molybdenum

Cobalt
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co   
Mo   
Group Number
9   
9
6   
12
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440484   
38
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1732   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.30   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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