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Molybdenum vs Cobalt

Molybdenum
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Co  
Group Number
6  
12
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1778  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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