Cobalt Molybdenum Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Co
Mo
Group Number
9
9
6
12
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440484
38
7439987
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1732
In 1778
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
10
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
27
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
29
2,617.00 °C
5
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
34
4,612.00 °C
9
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
26
1,370.00 MPa
7
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
11
1,400.00 MPa
6
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
14
5,400.00 m/s
6
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
58.00 %
15
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co
Mo
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
12
2.16
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56
1
1.15
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70
5
1.30
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.84
10
2.16
3
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
99+
1.84
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
19
684.30 kJ/mol
37
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
1,560.00 kJ/mol
37
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
2,618.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
4,480.00 kJ/mol
26
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
5,257.00 kJ/mol
32
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
6,640.80 kJ/mol
22
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
12,125.00 kJ/mol
13
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
13,860.00 kJ/mol
16
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
15,835.00 kJ/mol
16
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
17,980.00 kJ/mol
18
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
20,190.00 kJ/mol
17
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
22,219.00 kJ/mol
15
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
26,930.00 kJ/mol
13
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
29,196.00 kJ/mol
13
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
52,490.00 kJ/mol
7
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
55,000.00 kJ/mol
8
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
61,400.00 kJ/mol
9
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
67,700.00 kJ/mol
9
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
74,000.00 kJ/mol
9
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
80,400.00 kJ/mol
10
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
87,000.00 kJ/mol
9
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
98,420.00 kJ/mol
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available
104,400.00 kJ/mol
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available
121,900.00 kJ/mol
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available
127,700.00 kJ/mol
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available
133,800.00 kJ/mol
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available
139,800.00 kJ/mol
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available
148,100.00 kJ/mol
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available
154,500.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
5
4.60 eV
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
42
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
42
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
54
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
42
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
154.00 pm
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
95.95 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
9.40 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
88.60 (-eV)
13
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
314.70 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
10.28 g/cm3
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
9.33 g/cm3
20
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
324.00 MPa
13
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
26
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
126.00 GPa
8
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
230.00 GPa
6
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
329.00 GPa
6
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00
1
10.22
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
53.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω
11
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
71.90 kJ/mol
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.25 J/(kg K)
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
138.00 W/m·K
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
594.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
27.61 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
653.00 kJ/mol
7
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
28.70 J/mol.K
99+
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