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Molybdenum vs Rhodium

Molybdenum
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Rh  
Group Number
6  
12
9  
9
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1778  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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