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Rhodium vs Osmium

Rhodium
Osmium
Osmium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Os  
Group Number
9  
9
8  
10
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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