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Osmium vs Rhodium

Osmium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Rh   
Group Number
8   
10
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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