Nickel Radium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni
Ra
Group Number
10
8
2
16
Period Number
4
7
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440020
99+
7440144
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Not Available
Discovery
In 1751
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %
4
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %
3
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
3
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
15
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
0.00 %
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
Not Available
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
31
700.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
38
1,737.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
16
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
12
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
72.00 %
9
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni
Ra
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
10
0.90
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
10
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.92
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
6
0.89
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
99+
3.10
5
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
25
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
2
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28
99+
88
30
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Rn] 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
28
99+
88
30
Number of Neutrons
31
99+
138
16
Number of Electrons
28
99+
88
30
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
99+
Not Available
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
99+
221.00 pm
3
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
283.00 pm
4
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
99+
226.00 amu
26
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
45.20 cm3/mol
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
99+
20.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
99+
514.80 pm
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
99+
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
29
Not Available
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
31
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
6
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
12
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
Not Available
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
11
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
33
5.00
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
2
Not Available
Susceptibility
600.00
2
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
39
100.00 nΩ·m
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Not Available
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
18
18.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
17
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
71.00 J/mol.K
14
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