Radium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Ni
Group Number
2
16
10
8
Period Number
7
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1898
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
Not Available
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
138
16
31
99+
Number of Electrons
88
30
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
Not Available
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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