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Niobium Tantalum Comparison

Niobium
Tantalum
Tantalum Niobium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Ta   
Group Number
5   
13
5   
13
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440257   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg   
Discovery
In 1801   
In 1802   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
8 * 10-9 %   
31
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
31
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
Not Available   
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
0.03 p.p.m.   
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
2,996.00 °C   
4
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
5,425.00 °C   
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray Blue   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
440.00 MPa   
28
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
3,400.00 m/s   
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
78.00 %   
6
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Ta   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
31   
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
1.50   
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.33   
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.34   
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
761.00 kJ/mol   
18
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol   
40
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.35 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
73   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
73   
99+
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
108   
28
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
73   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
180.95 amu   
38
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
10.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
110.00 (-eV)   
7
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
330.13 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
16.69 g/cm3   
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
15.00 g/cm3   
9
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
69.00 GPa   
13
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
200.00 GPa   
8
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
186.00 GPa   
13
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
16.65   
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
131.00 nΩ·m   
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.08 106/cm Ω   
27
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
31.00 kJ/mol   
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
57.50 W/m·K   
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
753.10 kJ/mol   
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
31.40 kJ/mol   
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
782.00 kJ/mol   
3
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
41.50 J/mol.K   
37
Summary >>
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