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Niobium vs Technetium

Niobium
Technetium
Technetium vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Tc  
Group Number
5  
13
7  
11
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440268  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
  • At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1937  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
2,200.00 °C  
9
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
4,877.00 °C  
7
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Shiny Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
550.00 MPa  
27
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
16,200.00 m/s  
1
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
35.00 %  
34
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Tc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.36  
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.51  
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,850.00 kJ/mol  
34
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
14
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
28
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
39
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
37
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
33
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
23
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
29
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
70,200.00 kJ/mol  
24
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
702.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
7,020.00 kJ/mol  
35
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
702.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
702.50 kJ/mol  
28
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
702.00 kJ/mol  
29
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
702.00 kJ/mol  
35
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
702.00 kJ/mol  
36
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
702.00 kJ/mol  
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.52 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
43  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Kr] 4d5 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
43  
99+
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
55  
99+
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
43  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
147.00 pm  
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
98.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
8.50 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Molybdenum
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Ruthenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
180.00 (-eV)  
3
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
273.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.60  
21
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
11.00 g/cm3  
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
11.00 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
11.50  
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
200.00 nΩ·m  
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.07 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
53.00 kJ/mol  
23
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.21 J/(kg K)  
30
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
50.60 W/m·K  
30
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
2,150.00 K  
16
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
660.00 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
23.01 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
649.00 kJ/mol  
9
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
181.10 J/mol.K  
2
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