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Osmium
Osmium

Rubidium
Rubidium



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Osmium
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Rubidium

Osmium Rubidium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Os
Rb
1.2 Group Number
81
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
2.3 Block
d block
s block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
2.5 CAS Number
74400427440177
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
2.9 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
4.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
4.3.2 Discovery
In 1803
In 1861
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
4.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
4.8.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
4.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
4.10.4 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
4.10.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.3.1 In Blood
NA2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
5.4.1 In Bone
NA5.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
3,045.00 °C38.89 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
7.4 Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C688.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
8.2 Appearance
8.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.2.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Grayish White
8.2.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
8.5 Hardness
8.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.000.30
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
8.7.3 Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa0.22 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
8.7.5 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
8.8 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
8.10 Optical Properties
8.10.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
8.10.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
8.11 Allotropes
8.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
Os
Rb
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
3529
Tennessine Metal
0 38
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.200.82
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
9.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.31
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
9.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.520.89
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
9.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.69
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
9.9.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.650.71
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
9.11 Electropositivity
9.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.803.18
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
9.14 Ionization Energies
9.14.1 1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
10.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
10.1.4 3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
Tin
1600 34230
10.1.7 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
10.2.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
10.3.2 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
10.4.2 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
10.4.5 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
10.5.2 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
10.5.4 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
10.5.7 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
10.5.10 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
10.6.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
11.1.3 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
11.1.6 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
11.2.3 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
11.2.7 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
11.2.11 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
12.1.2 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
12.3.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
12.4.1 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
12.6.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
12.7.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
12.8.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
13.1.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
13.1.3 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
13.2.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
13.5.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
13.5.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
13.5.4 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
13.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
13.7 Electron Work Function
4.83 eV2.16 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
13.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
7637
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 5s1
14.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
7637
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.5.1 Number of Neutrons
11448
Lithium Metal
4 184
14.6.1 Number of Electrons
7637
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.9 Radius of an Atom
14.9.1 Atomic Radius
133.80 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
14.10.1 Covalent Radius
NA220.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
14.12.1 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm303.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
15.2 Atomic Weight
190.23 amu85.47 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
15.3 Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
15.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.4.1 Previous Element
15.4.2 Next Element
15.5 Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
15.7 Lattice Constant
273.44 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
15.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
16.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
16.3 Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
16.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
16.5 Vapor Pressure
16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
16.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
16.6 Elasticity properties
16.6.1 Shear Modulus
222.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
16.7.1 Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa2.50 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
17.1.2 Young's Modulus
NA2.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
17.2 Poisson Ratio
0.25NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
17.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
22.571.53
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
18.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.2.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
18.2.6 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
18.3 Electrical Properties
18.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
18.3.2 Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
18.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
19.1.1 Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
20.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
20.4 Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
20.6 Critical Temperature
NA2,093.00 K
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
20.8 Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
20.10 Enthalpy
20.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
20.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
20.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
20.11 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1