1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
2.5 CAS Number
74400427440177
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
4.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
4.8.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.10.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.10.6 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.3.1 In Blood
NA2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.1 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
3,045.00 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
7.4 Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
8.2 Appearance
8.2.1 Physical State
8.2.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Grayish White
8.2.3 Luster
8.5 Hardness
8.5.1 Mohs Hardness
8.7.3 Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
8.7.5 Vickers Hardness
8.8 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s1,300.00 m/s
818
16200
8.10 Optical Properties
8.10.1 Refractive Index
8.10.3 Reflectivity
8.11 Allotropes
8.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.4 Electronegativity
9.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.9.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.11 Electropositivity
9.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.14 Ionization Energies
9.14.1 1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.1.4 3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.1.7 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.2.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.3.2 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.4.2 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
10.4.5 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
10.5.2 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.5.4 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
10.5.7 11th Energy Level
10.5.10 12th Energy Level
10.6.2 13th Energy Level
11.1.3 14th Energy Level
11.1.6 15th Energy Level
11.2.3 16th Energy Level
11.2.7 17th Energy Level
11.2.11 18th Energy Level
12.1.2 19th Energy Level
12.3.2 20th Energy Level
12.4.1 21st Energy Level
12.6.1 22nd Energy Level
12.7.2 23rd Energy Level
12.8.2 24th Energy Level
13.1.1 25th Energy Level
13.1.3 26th Energy Level
13.2.1 27th Energy Level
13.5.1 28th Energy Level
13.5.2 29th Energy Level
13.5.4 30th Energy Level
13.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.7 Electron Work Function
13.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 5s1
14.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.5.1 Number of Neutrons
14.6.1 Number of Electrons
14.9 Radius of an Atom
14.9.1 Atomic Radius
133.80 pm248.00 pm
112
265
14.10.1 Covalent Radius
14.12.1 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
15.2 Atomic Weight
190.23 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
15.3 Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.4.1 Previous Element
15.4.2 Next Element
15.5 Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.7 Lattice Constant
273.44 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
15.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.3 Tensile Strength
16.4 Viscosity
16.5 Vapor Pressure
16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
16.6 Elasticity properties
16.6.1 Shear Modulus
16.7.1 Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
17.1.2 Young's Modulus
17.2 Poisson Ratio
17.3 Other Mechanical Properties
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.2.4 Permeability
18.2.6 Susceptibility
18.3 Electrical Properties
18.3.1 Electrical Property
18.3.2 Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.1.1 Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.4 Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.6 Critical Temperature
20.8 Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.10 Enthalpy
20.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.11 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1