1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
2.6 CAS Number
74401777440655
7429905
54386242
2.7 Space Group Name
2.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
3.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Johan Gadolin
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %7 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.4 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C1,523.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
688.00 °C3,337.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.4 Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.5 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.8.3 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.3 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.5 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.7 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.9 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol7,430.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.11 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol8,970.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.5.13 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol11,190.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.5.15 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol12,450.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.5.16 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol14,110.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.5.18 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol18,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.5.21 11th Energy Level
NA19,900.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.5.23 12th Energy Level
NA36,090.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
7.5.25 13th Energy Level
7.5.28 14th Energy Level
7.5.30 15th Energy Level
7.5.33 16th Energy Level
7.5.35 17th Energy Level
7.5.37 18th Energy Level
7.6.1 19th Energy Level
7.7.1 20th Energy Level
7.7.2 21st Energy Level
8.1.1 22nd Energy Level
8.1.2 23rd Energy Level
8.4.2 24th Energy Level
8.4.3 25th Energy Level
8.4.5 26th Energy Level
8.4.6 27th Energy Level
8.4.8 28th Energy Level
8.5.2 29th Energy Level
8.5.3 30th Energy Level
8.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.8 Electron Work Function
8.9 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
9.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.8.1 Number of Neutrons
9.10.1 Number of Electrons
10.2 Radius of an Atom
10.2.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
10.2.3 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
10.2.4 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.4 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm364.74 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
12.2 Viscosity
12.3 Vapor Pressure
12.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.3.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.4 Elasticity properties
12.4.1 Shear Modulus
12.4.2 Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa41.20 GPa
1.6
462
12.4.3 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa63.50 GPa
1.7
528
12.5 Poisson Ratio
12.7 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.5 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.1 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.5 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.7 Critical Temperature
15.8 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.9 Enthalpy
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.9.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.10.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.3 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1