Platinum

Lawrencium

Platinum vs Lawrencium

Platinum

Lawrencium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

10NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

Actinide

1.6 CAS Number

744006422537195

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.

It is synthetically produced metal.
Radiation hazard can be produce by it.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Antonio de Ulloa

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1735

In 1961–1971

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-7 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NANA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.

Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,772.00 °C1,627.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,827.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.50NA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

300.00 MPaNA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

400.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,800.00 m/sNA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %NA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3510

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.28NA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.44NA

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.72NA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.72NA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

870.00 kJ/mol470.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,791.00 kJ/mol1,428.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA2,228.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA4,910.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.82 g/amp-hr3.23 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

5.65 eVNA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

78103

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

78103

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

117157

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

78103

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pmNA

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

136.00 pmNA

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

175.00 pm246.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu266.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

9.09 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

392.42 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

392.42 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

21.45 g/cm³NA

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

19.77 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

125.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.07 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

61.00 GPaNA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

230.00 GPaNA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

168.00 GPaNA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.380.32

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

21.45NA

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Unknown

8.2.2 Resistivity

105.00 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

205.30 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.86 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

71.60 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

8.80 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

510.50 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

19.70 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

565.00 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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