Platinum

Vanadium

Platinum vs Vanadium

Platinum

Vanadium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

105

0 17

1.4 Period Number

2 7

1.6 Block

d block

1.7 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.8 CAS Number

74400647440622

7429905 54386242

1.9 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Im_ 3m

1.10 Space Group Number

225.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.

Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Antonio de Ulloa

Andrés Manuel del Río

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1735

In 1801

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-7 %1 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.6.1 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %~0.00004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

2.9.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.02 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.11.1 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.

Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NA0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

1,772.00 °C1,890.00 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

3,827.00 °C3,380.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Blue-Silver Grey

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

3.506.70

0.2 8.5

6.2.5 Brinell Hardness

300.00 MPa600.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.1.1 Vickers Hardness

400.00 MPa628.00 MPa

121 3430

7.3 Speed of Sound

2,800.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s

818 16200

7.6 Optical Properties

7.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

7.6.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %61.00 %

58 97

7.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

7.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

7.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

7.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

8 Chemical

8.1 Chemical Formula

8.2 Isotopes

8.2.1 Known Isotopes

3522

0 38

8.4 Electronegativity

8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.281.63

0.7 2.54

9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.39

0.22 2.56

9.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.441.45

0.86 1.82

9.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

9.3.7 Allen Electronegativity

1.721.53

0.659 2.7

9.4 Electropositivity

9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.722.37

1.46 3.3

9.7 Ionization Energies

9.7.1 1st Energy Level

870.00 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.7.3 2nd Energy Level

1,791.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.7.6 3rd Energy Level

NA2,830.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.7.8 4th Energy Level

NA4,507.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.7.11 5th Energy Level

NA6,298.70 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

9.7.13 6th Energy Level

NA12,363.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

9.7.15 7th Energy level

NA14,530.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

9.7.17 8th Energy Level

NA16,730.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

9.7.19 9th Energy Level

NA19,860.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

9.7.20 10th Energy Level

NA22,240.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

9.7.22 11th Energy Level

NA24,670.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

9.7.24 12th Energy Level

NA29,730.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

9.7.26 13th Energy Level

NA32,446.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

9.7.28 14th Energy Level

NA86,450.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

9.7.31 15th Energy Level

NA94,170.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

9.7.33 16th Energy Level

NA102,300.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

9.7.35 17th Energy Level

NA112,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

9.7.37 18th Energy Level

NA121,600.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

9.7.39 19th Energy Level

NA130,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

9.7.41 20th Energy Level

NA143,400.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

9.7.43 21st Energy Level

NA151,440.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

9.7.44 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.7.46 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.7.48 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.7.50 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.7.51 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.7.53 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.7.55 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.7.57 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.7.59 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.82 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.10 Electron Work Function

5.65 eV4.30 eV

2.14 5.65

9.12 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

7823

3 117

11.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²

11.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

11.3.1 Crystal Lattice

11.4 Atom

11.4.1 Number of Protons

7823

3 117

11.7.2 Number of Neutrons

11728

4 184

11.7.4 Number of Electrons

7823

3 117

11.8 Radius of an Atom

11.8.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm134.00 pm

112 265

11.8.3 Covalent Radius

136.00 pm153.00 pm

96 260

11.9.2 Van der Waals Radius

175.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

11.10 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu50.94 amu

6.94 294

11.11 Atomic Volume

9.09 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.13.1 Previous Element

11.13.2 Next Element

11.14 Valence Electron Potential

392.42 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.15 Lattice Constant

392.42 pm303.00 pm

228.58 891.25

11.17 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.18 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

21.45 g/cm³6.00 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

12.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

19.77 g/cm35.50 g/cm3

0.512 20

12.5 Tensile Strength

125.00 MPa800.00 MPa

2.5 11000

12.8 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

13.2 Vapor Pressure

13.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

13.2.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.07 (Pa)0.23 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

13.3 Elasticity properties

13.3.1 Shear Modulus

61.00 GPa47.00 GPa

1.3 222

13.4.1 Bulk Modulus

230.00 GPa160.00 GPa

1.6 462

13.6.2 Young's Modulus

168.00 GPa128.00 GPa

1.7 528

13.7 Poisson Ratio

0.380.37

0.032 0.47

13.9 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

14 Magnetic

14.1 Magnetic Characteristics

14.1.1 Specific Gravity

21.455.96

0.53 4500

14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

14.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

14.1.5 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

14.2 Electrical Properties

14.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Superconductor

14.2.2 Resistivity

105.00 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

14.2.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 10⁶/cm Ω0.05 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

14.3.1 Electron Affinity

205.30 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol

0 222.8

16 Thermal

16.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

16.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.86 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

16.3 Thermal Conductivity

71.60 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K

6.3 429

16.5 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

16.6 Thermal Expansion

8.80 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

16.7 Enthalpy

16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

510.50 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

16.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

19.70 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

17.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization

565.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

17.3 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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