Plutonium Beryllium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Be
Group Number
0
18
2
16
Period Number
7
2
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440075
99+
7440417
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
11.00
13
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1797
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-7 %
23
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C
99+
1,278.00 °C
36
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
24
2,970.00 °C
32
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
White Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
590.00 MPa
21
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,670.00 MPa
4
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
99+
12,890.00 m/s
2
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu
Be
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
9
29
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28
33
1.57
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.54
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.58
23
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72
21
2.43
30
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
899.50 kJ/mol
7
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94
24
4
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[He] 2s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
94
24
4
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
5
99+
Number of Electrons
94
24
4
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
112.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
96.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
153.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu
19
9.01 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
21
82.00 (-eV)
15
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm
4
228.58 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
13
1.85 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3
8
1.69 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
0.00 (Pa)
19
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
132.00 GPa
7
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
130.00 GPa
13
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa
21
287.00 GPa
7
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
0.03
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.84
7
1.85
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
3
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
99+
200.00 W/m·K
6
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
25
294.70 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
11.72 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
26
326.40 kJ/mol
30
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
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