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Plutonium Beryllium Comparison

Plutonium
Beryllium
Beryllium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Be  
Group Number
0  
18
2  
16
Period Number
7  
2  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
White Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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