Beryllium Plutonium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Pu
Group Number
2
16
0
18
Period Number
2
7
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Actinide
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440075
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P121/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
11.00
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Discovery
In 1797
In Between 1940 1941
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
639.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
3,235.00 °C
24
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
2,260.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Pu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.28
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.72
21
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
94
24
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
94
24
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
150
11
Number of Electrons
4
99+
94
24
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
244.00 amu
19
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
64.90 (-eV)
21
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
618.30 pm
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
19.82 g/cm3
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
16.63 g/cm3
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
0.00 (Pa)
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
2.20 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
Not Available
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
96.00 GPa
21
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
19.84
7
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
35.50 J/mol·K
3
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
6.74 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
344.00 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
360.00 kJ/mol
26
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
|
||
|
||
|
