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Plutonium Cerium Comparison

Plutonium
Cerium
Cerium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Ce   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
33
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.12   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.08   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Summary >>
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