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Plutonium Magnesium Comparison

Plutonium
Magnesium
Magnesium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Mg  
Group Number
0  
18
2  
16
Period Number
7  
3  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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Actinide Series

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