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Plutonium vs Magnesium

Plutonium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Mg   
Group Number
0   
18
2   
16
Period Number
7   
3   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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