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Plutonium vs Cobalt

Plutonium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Co   
Group Number
0   
18
9   
9
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.70   
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
94   
24
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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