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Plutonium vs Cobalt

Plutonium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Co  
Group Number
0  
18
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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