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Plutonium vs Gold

Plutonium
Gold
Gold vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Au  
Group Number
0  
18
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
118  
24
Number of Electrons
94  
24
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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