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Plutonium vs Gold

Plutonium
Gold
Gold vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Au   
Group Number
0   
18
11   
7
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Unknown   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
118   
23
Number of Electrons
94   
24
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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