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Gold vs Actinium

Gold
Actinium
Actinium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Ac  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440348  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1902  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,227.00 °C  
38
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
3,200.00 °C  
27
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,430.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Ac  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.00  
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.38 eV  
23
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
89  
29
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
89  
29
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
138  
17
Number of Electrons
79  
37
89  
29
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
195.00 pm  
9
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
215.00 pm  
31
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
227.00 amu  
25
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Radium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Thorium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
567.00 pm  
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
10.00 g/cm3  
40
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
10.07 g/cm3  
40
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
65.00 MPa  
33
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
94.00 GPa  
17
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
130.00 GPa  
16
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
10.07  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
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