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Plutonium vs Promethium

Plutonium
Promethium
Promethium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Pm   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
84   
40
Number of Electrons
94   
24
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
NA   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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