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Promethium vs Plutonium

Promethium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Pu   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440075   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P121/m1   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
11.00   
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Discovery
In 1942   
In Between 1940 1941   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
639.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
3,235.00 °C   
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Pu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.28   
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.72   
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
94   
24
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
94   
24
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
150   
11
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
94   
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
244.00 amu   
19
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
618.30 pm   
4
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
19.82 g/cm3   
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
96.00 GPa   
21
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
19.84   
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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