Plutonium vs Thallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu
Tl
Group Number
0
18
13
5
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Actinide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440075
99+
7440280
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
11.00
13
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
William Crookes
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In 1861
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-9 %
32
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
- It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C
99+
303.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C
24
1,457.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
26.50 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s
99+
818.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu
Tl
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28
33
1.62
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.25
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.79
13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72
21
2.38
33
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol
99+
589.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol
14
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol
32
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr
22
7.63 g/amp-hr
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.84 eV
28
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94
24
81
35
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
94
24
81
35
Number of Neutrons
150
11
123
20
Number of Electrons
94
24
81
35
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
170.00 pm
22
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
196.00 pm
30
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu
19
204.38 amu
31
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol
99+
17.20 cm3/mol
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)
21
9.60 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm
4
345.66 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.60
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3
13
11.85 g/cm3
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3
8
11.22 g/cm3
13
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
16.90 (Pa)
5
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
2.80 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
28
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa
21
8.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21
32
0.45
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.84
7
11.85
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m
99+
0.18 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.06 106/cm Ω
32
Electron Affinity
Not Available
19.20 kJ/mol
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K
3
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K
99+
46.10 W/m·K
33
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)
6
29.90 µm/(m·K)
12
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol
25
162.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol
99+
4.27 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol
26
179.90 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
64.20 J/mol.K
19
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