1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
744008654037148
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
3.3.3 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.8.3 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.4 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
5.2 Boiling Point
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.3.2 Brinell Hardness
1.8.1 Vickers Hardness
2.5 Speed of Sound
2.6 Optical Properties
2.6.1 Refractive Index
2.7.2 Reflectivity
2.8 Allotropes
2.9.1 α Allotropes
3.1.1 β Allotropes
3.1.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.2 Chemical Formula
4.3 Isotopes
4.3.1 Known Isotopes
6.2 Electronegativity
6.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.8.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.8.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.10.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.3 Electropositivity
7.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.6 Ionization Energies
7.6.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol742.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.6.4 2nd Energy Level
NA1,688.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.8.1 3rd Energy Level
NA2,566.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.9.3 4th Energy Level
NA3,598.90 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.10.2 5th Energy Level
NA4,727.80 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.12.1 6th Energy Level
NA5,991.70 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.12.4 7th Energy level
NA7,226.80 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.13.3 8th Energy Level
7.15.1 9th Energy Level
8.1.3 10th Energy Level
8.1.7 11th Energy Level
8.1.12 12th Energy Level
8.3.1 13th Energy Level
8.4.3 14th Energy Level
8.4.8 15th Energy Level
8.6.1 16th Energy Level
8.7.2 17th Energy Level
9.4.2 18th Energy Level
9.4.5 19th Energy Level
9.5.1 20th Energy Level
9.6.3 21st Energy Level
10.1.2 22nd Energy Level
10.2.1 23rd Energy Level
10.3.1 24th Energy Level
10.5.2 25th Energy Level
10.7.3 26th Energy Level
11.1.2 27th Energy Level
11.1.4 28th Energy Level
11.2.1 29th Energy Level
11.4.2 30th Energy Level
11.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
12.2 Electron Work Function
12.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
14.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
14.4 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.7.1 Number of Neutrons
14.8.1 Number of Electrons
15.4 Radius of an Atom
15.4.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
15.5.1 Covalent Radius
140.00 pm141.00 pm
96
260
15.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
15.9 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu270.00 amu
6.94
294
15.10 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
15.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.13.1 Previous Element
15.13.2 Next Element
15.14 Valence Electron Potential
15.15 Lattice Constant
335.90 pmNA
228.58
891.25
15.16 Lattice Angles
15.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm337.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.2 Tensile Strength
16.3 Viscosity
16.4 Vapor Pressure
16.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
16.5 Elasticity properties
16.5.1 Shear Modulus
16.5.2 Bulk Modulus
16.5.3 Young's Modulus
16.6 Poisson Ratio
16.7 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
17.1.3 Permeability
17.1.4 Susceptibility
17.2 Electrical Properties
17.2.1 Electrical Property
17.2.2 Resistivity
17.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
17.2.4 Electron Affinity
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
18.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
18.3 Thermal Conductivity
18.4 Critical Temperature
18.5 Thermal Expansion
18.6 Enthalpy
18.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
18.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
18.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
18.7 Standard Molar Entropy