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Polonium Livermorium Comparison


Livermorium Polonium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Po   
Lv   

Group Number
16   
2
16   
2

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
p block   
p block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Probably Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440086   
99+
54100719   
3

Space Group Name
Pm-3m   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
221.00   
3
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Not Available   

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Synthetically Produced   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory   

Discovery
In 1898   
In 2000   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   

Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Unknown   

Luster
NA   
Unknown Luster   

Hardness
  
  

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
Yes   
No   

α Allotropes
α-polonium   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
β-polonium   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Po   
Lv   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
5   
32

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
Not Available   

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
723.60 kJ/mol   
28

2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,331.50 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,846.30 kJ/mol   
34

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,811.20 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,078.60 kJ/mol   
24

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Not Available   

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
84   
32
116   
2

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Not Known   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
84   
32
116   
2

Number of Neutrons
125   
19
160   
4

Number of Electrons
84   
32
116   
2

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
Not Available   

Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
293.00 amu   
2

Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Moscovium
  

Next Element
Francium
  
No Next Element   

Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   

Summary >>
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