1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
1.8 CAS Number
744008610028145
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
- No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.3.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.3.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
254.00 °C827.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.3 Brinell Hardness
5.6.5 Vickers Hardness
5.7 Speed of Sound
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
5.8.3 Reflectivity
5.9 Allotropes
5.9.1 α Allotropes
5.9.2 β Allotropes
5.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol642.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
NA1,254.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.5 3rd Energy Level
NA2,643.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.7 4th Energy Level
NA3,956.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.5.9 5th Energy Level
6.5.11 6th Energy Level
6.5.13 7th Energy level
6.5.14 8th Energy Level
6.5.16 9th Energy Level
6.5.18 10th Energy Level
6.5.20 11th Energy Level
6.5.22 12th Energy Level
6.5.23 13th Energy Level
6.5.25 14th Energy Level
6.5.27 15th Energy Level
6.5.29 16th Energy Level
6.5.30 17th Energy Level
6.5.33 18th Energy Level
6.5.35 19th Energy Level
6.5.37 20th Energy Level
6.6.1 21st Energy Level
6.6.2 22nd Energy Level
6.6.3 23rd Energy Level
6.7.1 24th Energy Level
7.1.1 25th Energy Level
7.1.2 26th Energy Level
7.3.1 27th Energy Level
7.4.2 28th Energy Level
7.4.3 29th Energy Level
7.4.5 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr4.83 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.6 Electron Work Function
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Not Known
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.5.1 Number of Neutrons
8.6.1 Number of Electrons
8.7 Radius of an Atom
8.7.1 Atomic Radius
8.9.1 Covalent Radius
8.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm246.00 pm
139
348
8.11 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu259.00 amu
6.94
294
8.14 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
9.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.2.1 Previous Element
9.2.2 Next Element
9.3 Valence Electron Potential
9.4 Lattice Constant
335.90 pmNA
228.58
891.25
9.5 Lattice Angles
9.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.5 Tensile Strength
10.6 Viscosity
10.8 Vapor Pressure
10.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.9 Elasticity properties
10.9.1 Shear Modulus
10.9.3 Bulk Modulus
10.10.1 Young's Modulus
11.2 Poisson Ratio
11.3 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.4 Permeability
12.2.3 Susceptibility
12.3 Electrical Properties
12.3.1 Electrical Property
12.3.2 Resistivity
12.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
12.3.6 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
14.5 Thermal Conductivity
14.7 Critical Temperature
14.9 Thermal Expansion
14.11 Enthalpy
14.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
14.11.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
14.12 Standard Molar Entropy