Polonium vs Rutherfordium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Rf
Group Number
16
2
4
14
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440086
99+
53850365
13
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
221.00
3
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
In 1898
In 1964
Abundance
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
2,100.00 °C
11
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
5,500.00 °C
3
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Unknown
Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Rf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
Not Available
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
579.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,389.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,296.40 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,077.90 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Not Available
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
104
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
104
14
Number of Neutrons
125
19
157
7
Number of Electrons
84
32
104
14
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
150.00 pm
33
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
157.00 pm
31
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
Not Available
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
267.00 amu
11
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Not Available
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
23.20 g/cm3
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Unknown
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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