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Polonium vs Seaborgium

Polonium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po  
Sg  
Group Number
16  
2
6  
12
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440086  
99+
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
Pm-3m  
-  
Space Group Number
221.00  
4
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
962.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.70  
3
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-polonium  
-  
β Allotropes
β-polonium  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00  
10
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76  
3
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48  
1
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
2.19  
2
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
84  
32
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
84  
32
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
157  
8
Number of Electrons
84  
32
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm  
36
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu  
28
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Francium
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46  
99+
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
26
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa  
40
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.32  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
527.00 K  
99+
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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