Symbol
K
Es
Group Number
113
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
47
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Actinide
CAS Number
74400977429927
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
-
Space Group Number
229.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
- Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1807
In 1952
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
-
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
-
Other Uses
-
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
63.65 °C860.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
774.00 °C996.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.406.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa240.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa550.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s2,850.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.331.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
72.00 %63.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
K
Es
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2016
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.821.54
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.451.30
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.911.20
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.731.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.731.30
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.182.70
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,216.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol2,334.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol3,734.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol4,520.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol61,900.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol61,900.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol61,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol6,190.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol619.40 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr4.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV4.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
1999
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
1999
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
20153
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
1999
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm186.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm186.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm0.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu252.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol17.04 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)0.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm582.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.691.29
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm38.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm38.84 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa0.10 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa40.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa0.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.350.33
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.868.84
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
-
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m6.30 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.10 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K0.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K1,133.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)13.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol323.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol14.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol-
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K63.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻