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Potassium
Potassium

Magnesium
Magnesium



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Potassium
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Potassium vs Magnesium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
K
Mg
1.2 Group Number
12
Gadolinium
0 17
2.5 Period Number
43
Lithium
2 7
2.6 Block
s block
s block
2.7 Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
2.8 CAS Number
74400977439954
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
3.3 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
3.4 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
6.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
6.3 History
6.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Joseph Black
6.3.2 Discovery
In 1807
In 1755
6.4 Abundance
6.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %6 * 10-2 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
7.3.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.07 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
8.3.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %12.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
8.5.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %2.90 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
9.2.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %0.13 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
10.4.1 Abundance In Humans
0.20 %0.03 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
11 Uses
11.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
11.1.2 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
11.1.3 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
11.1.4 Other Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
11.2 Biological Properties
11.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
11.3.2 Present in Human Body
11.3.4 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-337.80 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
12.2.3 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.1,800.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
13 Physical
13.1 Melting Point
63.65 °C650.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
13.4 Boiling Point
774.00 °C1,107.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
13.7 Appearance
13.7.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
13.7.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
13.7.3 Luster
NA
NA
13.8 Hardness
13.8.1 Mohs Hardness
0.402.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
13.10.5 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa260.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
14.2.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
14.3 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
14.5 Optical Properties
14.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
14.5.6 Reflectivity
NA74.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
14.6 Allotropes
14.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15 Chemical
15.1 Chemical Formula
K
Mg
15.2 Isotopes
15.2.1 Known Isotopes
2015
Tennessine
0 38
15.3 Electronegativity
15.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.821.31
Francium
0.7 2.54
15.3.8 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.451.32
Cesium
0.22 2.56
15.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.911.23
Cesium
0.86 1.82
15.5.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.731.37
Cesium
0.62 2.48
15.6.3 Allen Electronegativity
0.731.29
Cesium
0.659 2.7
16.2 Electropositivity
16.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.182.69
Gold
1.46 3.3
16.6 Ionization Energies
16.6.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
16.6.4 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
16.7.2 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol7,732.70 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
16.7.5 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol10,542.50 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
16.8.1 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol13,630.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
16.9.2 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol18,020.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
17.1.1 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol21,711.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
17.1.5 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol25,661.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
17.1.7 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol31,653.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
17.4.2 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol35,458.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
17.4.4 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol169,988.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
17.5.1 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol189,368.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
17.5.3 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
17.5.5 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
17.6.1 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
17.6.3 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
17.6.6 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
17.8.3 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
17.9.2 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
17.10.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
17.10.5 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
17.12.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
17.12.3 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
18.1.3 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
18.1.7 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
18.2.1 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
18.3.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
18.3.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
18.5.1 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
19.2.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
19.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
19.8 Electron Work Function
2.30 eV3.66 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
19.12 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
20 Atomic
20.1 Atomic Number
1912
Lithium
3 117
20.3 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1
[Ne] 3s2
20.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
20.4.1 Crystal Lattice
20.5 Atom
20.5.1 Number of Protons
1912
Lithium
3 117
21.1.2 Number of Neutrons
2012
Lithium
4 184
21.1.6 Number of Electrons
1912
Lithium
3 117
21.3 Radius of an Atom
21.3.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
21.5.1 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm141.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
22.2.1 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm173.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
22.6 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu24.31 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
22.10 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
23.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
23.2.1 Previous Element
23.2.2 Next Element
23.3 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
23.4 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm320.94 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
24.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
24.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
25 Mechanical
25.1 Density
25.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm31.74 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
26.3.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm31.58 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
26.5 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
26.9 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
26.11 Vapor Pressure
26.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
26.11.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
26.12 Elasticity properties
26.12.1 Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa17.00 GPa
Palladium
1.3 222
26.13.1 Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa45.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
28.2.1 Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa45.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
28.4 Poisson Ratio
NA0.29
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
28.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
29 Magnetic
29.1 Magnetic Characteristics
29.1.1 Specific Gravity
0.861.74
Lithium
0.53 4500
29.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
29.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
29.2.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
29.4 Electrical Properties
29.4.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
29.4.2 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
30.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.23 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
30.2.1 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
31 Thermal
31.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
31.3 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K24.87 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
31.5 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
31.7 Critical Temperature
2,223.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
31.9 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)24.80 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
31.10 Enthalpy
31.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol128.70 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
31.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol8.95 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
31.11.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
31.12 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1