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Protactinium Copper Comparison

Protactinium
Copper
Copper Protactinium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
-  
Discovery
In 1900  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
91  
27
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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