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Protactinium vs Lanthanum

Protactinium
Lanthanum
Lanthanum vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa  
La  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440133  
99+
7439910  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
139.00  
11
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1900  
In 1838  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
Physical
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C  
21
920.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C  
12
3,469.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
125.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
220.00 MPa  
99+
360.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
12,400.00 m/s  
3
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pa  
La  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50  
28
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14  
29
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.50  
26
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.50  
32
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
24th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.89 eV  
3
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
91  
27
57  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91  
27
57  
99+
Number of Neutrons
122  
22
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
91  
27
57  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm  
27
187.00 pm  
10
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm  
11
207.00 pm  
6
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm  
15
240.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu  
24
138.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Barium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Cerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)  
11
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm  
26
377.20 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3  
20
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.37 g/cm3  
21
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
45.00 MPa  
40
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
32
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
14.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
47.00 GPa  
26
27.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
47.00 GPa  
99+
36.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.23  
30
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37  
23
6.17  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K  
32
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,841.00 K  
25
1,193.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
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