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Lanthanum vs Fermium

Lanthanum
Fermium
Fermium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La  
Fm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439910  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1838  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
29
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
920.00 °C  
99+
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C  
19
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
La  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08  
32
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
57  
99+
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57  
99+
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
57  
99+
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm  
10
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm  
6
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm  
17
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu  
99+
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm  
31
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
45.00 MPa  
40
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
15
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17  
99+
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,193.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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