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Protactinium vs Rubidium

Protactinium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Rb   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440133   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1900   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
91   
27
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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