Protactinium Zinc Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa
Zn
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
7
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440133
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
139.00
8
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1900
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C
21
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C
12
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50
27
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50
27
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91
27
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
91
27
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
122
21
35
99+
Number of Electrons
91
27
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm
25
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm
11
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm
11
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu
24
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)
11
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm
23
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3
20
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
Not Available
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.37
12
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m
21
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
34
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K
32
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol
28
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K
1
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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