Rhenium vs Cadmium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Cd
Group Number
7
11
12
6
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1908
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
Not Available
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
203.00 MPa
39
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
111
26
64
99+
Number of Electrons
75
40
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
51.80 J/mol.K
27
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