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Rhenium vs Fermium

Rhenium
Fermium
Fermium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Fm  
Group Number
7  
11
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
157  
8
Number of Electrons
75  
40
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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