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Rhenium vs Promethium

Rhenium
Promethium
Promethium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re   
Pm   
Group Number
7   
11
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1908   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.07   
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75   
40
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
111   
26
84   
40
Number of Electrons
75   
40
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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