Rhenium vs Promethium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Pm
Group Number
7
11
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
Space Group Number
194.00
5
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1908
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Unknown
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.07
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
111
26
84
40
Number of Electrons
75
40
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
Not Available
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
Not Available
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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