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Rhenium vs Rhodium

Rhenium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re   
Rh   
Group Number
7   
11
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1908   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75   
40
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
111   
26
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
75   
40
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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