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Rubidium
Rubidium

Radium
Radium



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Rubidium
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Radium

Rubidium Radium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Rb
Ra
1.2 Group Number
12
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
57
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74401777440144
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
2.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1861
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Palladium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Tin
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C700.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
688.00 °C1,737.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
0.30NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Rb
Ra
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2933
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.820.90
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.890.97
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.690.92
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
0.710.89
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.183.10
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol509.30 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol979.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr4.22 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.16 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
3788
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Rn] 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
3788
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
48138
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
3788
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm221.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm283.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu226.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol45.20 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)20.10 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm514.80 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.535.00
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
8.2.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m100.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K18.60 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
2,093.00 KNA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol163.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K71.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1