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Rubidium
Rubidium

Tungsten
Tungsten



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Rubidium vs Tungsten

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Rb
W
1.2 Group Number
16
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
2.4 Block
s block
d block
2.5 Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
2.6 CAS Number
74401777440337
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.4 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.5 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
3.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Not Available
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1861
In 1781
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
1.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.8.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.11.2 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.3.1 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.4.2 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C3,410.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
688.00 °C5,660.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Grayish White
7.3.4 Luster
NA
Lustrous
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
0.307.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.5.6 Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa2,000.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
8.1.3 Vickers Hardness
NA3,430.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
8.2 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s4,620.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
9.5.3 Reflectivity
NA62.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
9.7 Allotropes
9.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
Rb
W
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
2933
Tennessine
0 38
11.2 Electronegativity
11.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.822.36
Francium
0.7 2.54
11.2.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.310.98
Cesium
0.22 2.56
11.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.891.40
Cesium
0.86 1.82
11.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
11.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
0.711.47
Cesium
0.659 2.7
11.8 Electropositivity
11.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.181.64
Gold
1.46 3.3
12.3 Ionization Energies
12.3.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
12.3.3 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
12.3.5 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
12.4.4 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
12.4.7 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
12.5.1 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
12.5.5 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
12.5.6 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
12.6.4 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
12.6.6 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
12.7.4 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
13.2.3 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
13.3.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
13.4.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
13.5.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
13.5.4 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
13.5.8 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
13.5.10 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
13.5.13 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
13.5.16 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
13.5.19 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
13.5.21 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
13.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
13.5.27 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
13.5.28 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
13.5.31 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
13.5.34 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
13.5.36 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
13.6.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
13.7.3 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
13.11 Electron Work Function
2.16 eV4.55 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
13.13 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
3774
Lithium
3 117
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
3774
Lithium
3 117
14.4.5 Number of Neutrons
48110
Lithium
4 184
14.4.10 Number of Electrons
3774
Lithium
3 117
14.5 Radius of an Atom
14.5.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm139.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
14.5.5 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm162.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
14.6.2 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
14.7 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu183.84 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
14.9 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
15.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.2.1 Previous Element
15.2.2 Next Element
15.3 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
15.7 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm316.52 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
15.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
16.1.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
16.3 Tensile Strength
NA370.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
16.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
16.5 Vapor Pressure
16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
16.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Palladium
2.62E-10 774
16.9 Elasticity properties
16.9.1 Shear Modulus
NA161.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
16.10.1 Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa310.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
17.1.1 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa411.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
17.3 Poisson Ratio
NA0.28
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
17.9 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.5319.22
Lithium
0.53 4500
19.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.1.5 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
19.1.9 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
19.3 Electrical Properties
19.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
19.3.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
19.6.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
19.6.8 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
20.4 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
20.8 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
21.3 Critical Temperature
2,093.00 KNA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
22.2 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
Palladium
4.5 97
23.4 Enthalpy
23.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
23.4.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
23.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
23.8 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1