1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
2.6 CAS Number
74401777440337
7429905
54386242
1.4 Space Group Name
1.5 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
3.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Not Available
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
1.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.8.3 Abundance In Oceans
2.11.2 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.3.1 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.4.2 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C3,410.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
688.00 °C5,660.00 °C
147
5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
7.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Grayish White
7.3.4 Luster
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.6 Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa2,000.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.1.3 Vickers Hardness
8.2 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s4,620.00 m/s
818
16200
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.1 Refractive Index
9.5.3 Reflectivity
9.7 Allotropes
9.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.2 Electronegativity
11.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.2.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
11.8 Electropositivity
11.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.3 Ionization Energies
12.3.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.3.3 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.3.5 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
12.4.4 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
12.4.7 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
12.5.1 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
12.5.5 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.5.6 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
12.6.4 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
12.6.6 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.7.4 11th Energy Level
13.2.3 12th Energy Level
13.3.2 13th Energy Level
13.4.2 14th Energy Level
13.5.2 15th Energy Level
13.5.4 16th Energy Level
13.5.8 17th Energy Level
13.5.10 18th Energy Level
13.5.13 19th Energy Level
13.5.16 20th Energy Level
13.5.19 21st Energy Level
13.5.21 22nd Energy Level
13.5.23 23rd Energy Level
13.5.27 24th Energy Level
13.5.28 25th Energy Level
13.5.31 26th Energy Level
13.5.34 27th Energy Level
13.5.36 28th Energy Level
13.6.2 29th Energy Level
13.7.3 30th Energy Level
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.11 Electron Work Function
13.13 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.4.5 Number of Neutrons
14.4.10 Number of Electrons
14.5 Radius of an Atom
14.5.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
14.5.5 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm162.00 pm
96
260
14.6.2 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
14.7 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu183.84 amu
6.94
294
14.9 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.2.1 Previous Element
15.2.2 Next Element
15.3 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.7 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm316.52 pm
228.58
891.25
15.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.1.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.3 Tensile Strength
16.4 Viscosity
16.5 Vapor Pressure
16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
16.9 Elasticity properties
16.9.1 Shear Modulus
16.10.1 Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa310.00 GPa
1.6
462
17.1.1 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa411.00 GPa
1.7
528
17.3 Poisson Ratio
17.9 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.1.5 Permeability
19.1.9 Susceptibility
19.3 Electrical Properties
19.3.1 Electrical Property
19.3.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.6.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.6.8 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.4 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.8 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
21.3 Critical Temperature
22.2 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
23.4 Enthalpy
23.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.4.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.8 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1