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Rutherfordium vs Gold

Rutherfordium
Gold
Gold vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Au   
Group Number
4   
14
11   
7
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1964   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gold   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
118   
23
Number of Electrons
104   
14
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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