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Gold vs Rutherfordium

Gold
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Rf   
Group Number
11   
7
4   
14
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
Not Available   
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
157   
7
Number of Electrons
79   
37
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
Not Available   
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